Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the wake of perusing the article on Subordination With Adjective Clauses, audit the rules underneath and afterward complete the accentuation practice that follows. Rules for Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three rules should enable you to choose when to set off a descriptive word proviso (additionally called a relative condition) with commas: Descriptor provisos starting with that are never set off from the fundamental statement with commas. Food that has turned green in the cooler ought to be discarded. Descriptor conditions starting with who or which ought not be set off with commas if excluding the provision would change the essential importance of the sentence. Understudies who turn green ought to be sent to the clinic. Since we dont imply that all understudies ought to be sent to the clinic, the descriptive word condition is fundamental to the importance of the sentence. Therefore, we dont set off the descriptive word provision with commas.Adjective provisos starting with who or which ought to be set off with commas if discarding the condition would not change the essential importance of the sentence. A weeks ago pudding, which has turned green in the cooler, ought to be discarded. Here the which statement gives included however not basic data, thus we set it off from the remainder of the sentence with commas. Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the accompanying sentences, add commas to set off modifier conditions that give extra, however not fundamental, data. Dont include commas if the descriptive word provision influences the essential significance of the sentence. When youre done, contrast your answers and those on page two. Caramel de Lites which are treats sold by the Girl Scouts contain 70 calories each.These are the occasions that attempt mens souls.I decline to live in any house that Jack built.I left my child at the grounds day-care focus which is accessible to all full-time understudies with youthful children.Students who have small kids are welcome to utilize the free day-care center.A doctor who smokes and gorges has no privilege to reprimand the individual propensities for her patients.Gus who gave Merdine a bunch of ragweed has been ousted to the tempest basement for a week.Professor Legree lost his solitary umbrella which he has possessed for 20 years.Healthy individuals who will not work ought not be given government assistance.Felix who was before a tracker in the Yukon paralyzed the cockroach with one blow from a paper. Answers to Adjective Clauses Questions Caramel de Lites, which are treats sold by the Girl Scouts, contain . . ..(no commas)(no commas)â . . . day-care focus, which is accessible to all full-time understudies with youthful children.(no commas)(no commas)Gus, who gave Merdine a bunch of ragweed, has . . ... . . umbrella, which he has possessed for 20 years.(no commas)Felix, who was at one time a tracker in the Yukon, shocked . . ..

etitioner Leegin Creative Leather Products

Solicitor Leegin Creative Leather Products, a producer of women’s extras under the brand name Brighton, went into a vertical least value concurrences with its retailer, which incorporates thus respondent, PSKS, Inc. Candidate asserts that such value understandings plan to energize rivalry among retailers in the regions of client assistance and item advancement. Nonetheless, thus respondent limited Leegin items beneath their recommended least cost. In the wake of being dropped by Leegin as one of its retailers, PSKS documented a claim, contending that Leegin abuses Section 1 of the Sherman Act by taking part in anticompetitive value fixing.The District Court ruled for PSKS refering to Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park and Sons Co. , which held that obligatory value understandings are fundamentally unlawful under the Sherman Act. Applicant, in an intrigue to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, contended that this standard depended on obsolete financial aspects and fought that a the â€Å"rule of reason† is a superior lawful examination. Candidate further asserted that value essentials might be held illicit when demonstrated to be anticompetitive.The redrafting court decided for the region court henceforth, this appeal for certiorari. ISSUE: Is it as such illicit for a maker to set obligatory least costs for its items? RULE: No, it isn't illicit for a maker to set required least costs for its items. Segment 1 of the Sherman Act forbids â€Å"[e]very contract, blend as trust or something else, or trick, in limitation of exchange or trade among the few States. † This arrangement just denies absurd restrictions in exchange or business. REASONING:The Court contemplated that Section 1 of said Act bans just nonsensical limitations. It further decided that the Dr. Miles case ought to be overruled and that vertical value limitations are to be decided by the standard of reason. The Court, through financial writing, asserted that verti cal least cost understandings are once in a while anticompetitive and can frequently capacity to increment between brand rivalry. The Court additionally contended that examples where the value understandings are mishandled for anticompetitive reasons can be decided on a case-to-case premise under the standard of reason.In overruling the Dr. Miles case, the Court held that the Sherman Act must be treated as a custom-based law rule, which ought to be permitted to advance in courts as monetary conditions change. Choice: The Supreme Court managed for Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. The Supreme Court overruled the choice in the Dr. Miles case. It further decided that in situations where vertical value limitations are included, the standard of reason ought to be applied. I concur with the choice of the Supreme Court preferring Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. The choice in Dr.Miles depended on thinking and financial suppositions that originate before and struggle with present day monetary hypothesis. It was never appeared in court that setting retail value essentials is anticompetitive. Further, retail value essentials have no outright financial impact. So as to evaluate the anticompetitive inclinations of value essentials, the standard of reason must be utilized. The Supreme Court, for the situation at bar, utilized the standard of reason so as to decide if the activities taken by Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc would hurt the economy. Consequently, vertical value limitations ought to be decided by the standard of reason.

Persuasive Essay

â€Å"It's not Just a game. † to numerous competitors this announcement sounds valid. Sports fuel the drive and assurance inside individuals, and give them a fundamental taking in apparatus from which they can develop. Serious is characterized as, â€Å"of or identifying with a circumstance wherein individuals or gatherings are attempting to win a challenge or be more effective than other : identifying with or including rivalry . â€Å"(Merriam-Webster. Com) This idea of seriousness is the establishment of all sports.The serious soul and ache to subterranean insect to better oneself so as to be at the top is an energizing power that will impel our youngsters a long ways past their years on the court. Giving youngsters equivalent playing time in youth sports disheartens the vital requirement for sound rivalry and removes important life exercises that will set them up for what's to come. With more than six years of experience instructing young ladies ball at the evaluation sch ool level, the discussion exaggerating time Is one thing that I have experienced a great deal. Generally individuals are unequivocally on one side or the other.Although there are others Like me that concurs with this standard, in most grade school sports this standard has become an obligatory authorized part of the game †gradually and mightily squashing the core of the intensity that such a significant number of competitors Join sports for. There are many counterclaim to this discussion running from mental damage right to it making the stoutness scourge we are as of now looking in our nation. One discussion that I have heard various occasions is that kids learn through playing a genuine game stanzas just by and by. This is ridiculous!To start off, any great player regards practice as Hough it Is a game and invests Just as much energy. Mentors request this Intensity level by and by, so they can sufficiently set up their group for the genuine games. Practice Is the place you lear n; games are the place you put your abilities under a magnifying glass. In the event that kids really gained more from games, and the reason for instructing young lady's b-ball toward the starting evaluation school level was in truth to Children ought to need to win their playing time. At the point when we uphold the equivalent playing time rule we are removing the objective in which the competitors try to achieve.We death the serious idea of the port, and wreck the core of the game. Not every person can be victors, that is the cruel truth of life! Children put in the exertion by and by so as to dominate matches, in this way the best players ought to be the ones on the court speaking to their group. Why even keep track of who's winning if the significant isn't who wins? Sports are assume to be an opposition subsequently they will have champs and washouts. This shows the children the significance of sportsmanship and give them something to move in the direction of. Like evaluations I n school, a few understudies acquire preferred evaluations over others and they are remunerated for It.Sports ought not be any extraordinary and we ought to permit the better competitors to sparkle, exceed expectations and be adulated for their assets as opposed to attempt to keep them down so as to try and out the playing field for different players. No where in life are more earnestly and make up for lost time to the level in which their rivals are at! The physical advantages that some contend are essential to actualize at such a youthful age is another contention advanced by the rival side that I have heard various occasions. They guarantee that the significance of permitting youngsters to rest in the game is pivotal to keeping up their physical wellbeing and forestalling injuries.The evident factor in which this announcement neglects to sound valid is that at any level players ought to be in a sufficient state of being to not just run everything of the game however to likewise b e capable hustle and go 100% the whole time. This is the reason rehearses are typically twice the length games and any great mentor anticipates that their player should hustle all through each drill. The heftiness issue in which guardians contend that by sidelining youngsters it disheartens them from playing the game and consequently brings about a reduction of physical action. On the off chance that the kid's primary objective is to get genuinely fit than they ought not be n a group sport.There are numerous individual games wherein a youngster can carefully move in the direction of bettering themselves without harming the remainder of the group. On the off chance that a parent is attempting to put their kid's physical prosperity on the duty of their kid's mentor that is ludicrous. A games season is carefully Just that a season and no mentor ought to need to stress over the kid's physical wellness level during a game. In the event that the mentor permits the kid practice with the gr oup than by a wide margin he has satisfied his obligation. In conclusion, the principle contention that such huge numbers of guardians think they are Justified in lecturing s the physiological mischief that is imparted in a kid that rides the bench.Lack of self-assurance and the sentiment of disgracefulness are professed to have a more harming influence on kids than the fantasy reality that equivalent playing time blinds them with. Why lie to our kids? As guardians and mentors we are assume to plan children to exceed expectations at the following levels throughout everyday life. The capacity to recover financially in the wake of being wrecked and make the most out of any circumstance by a long shot out sparkles this padding impact that guardians demand that mentors to give. This sits idle yet Ella the inescapable and debilitation our youngsters from learning the right adapting strategies to exceed expectations in sports as well as in life.One of the best b-ball players ever, Michael Jordan, has been cited saying, â€Å"If you're attempting to accomplish, there will be barricades. I've had them; everyone has had them. Be that as it may, hindrances don't need to stop you. In the event that you run into a divider, don't pivot and surrender. Make sense of how to climb it, experience it, or work around it. † It isn't Just a game, it is a lifestyle. At the point when the discussion over equivalent playing is raised the most significant thing to recall is to keep the master plan in mind.Yes sports at the evaluation school level do have the assignment of presenting the essentials of the game to people yet they likewise convey the capacity to educate a great deal more! Leave the game alone the instructor and don't control the independently directed exercises that players will experience and advantage massively from. To impart a feeling of privilege as opposed to a dedicated attitude is actually what giving the youngsters equivalent playing is doing. Playing time at any level ought to be something that a competitor needs to gain and the serious soul inside a game ought to be applauded and filled not controlled. Influential Essay â€Å"It's not Just a game. † to numerous competitors this announcement sounds accurate. Sports fuel the drive and assurance inside individuals, and give them a basic taking in instrument from which they can develop. Serious is characterized as, â€Å"of or identifying with a circumstance wherein individuals or gatherings are attempting to win a challenge or be more effective than other : identifying with or including rivalry . â€Å"(Merriam-Webster. Com) This idea of seriousness is the establishment of all sports.The serious soul and ache to subterranean insect to better oneself so as to be at the top is a powering power that will impel our kids a long ways past their years on the court. Giving kids equivalent playing time in youth sports disheartens the essential requirement for sound rivalry and removes important life exercises that will set them up for what's to come. With more than six years of experience instructing young ladies ball at the evaluation school level, th e discussion exaggerating time Is one thing that I have experienced a great deal. Generally individuals are emphatically on one side or the other.Although there are others Like me that concurs with this standard, in most grade school sports this standard has become a required upheld part of the game †gradually and commandingly squashing the core of the seriousness that such a large number of competitors Join sports for. There are many counterclaim to this discussion running from mental damage right to it making the corpulence scourge we are as of now looking in our nation. One discussion that I have heard various occasions is that youngsters learn through playing a real game refrains just by and by. This is ridiculous!To start off, any great player regards practice as Hough it Is a game and invests Just as much energy. Mentors request this Intensity level by and by, so they can sufficiently set up their group for the genuine games. Practice Is the place you learn; games are the place you put your abilities under serious scrutiny. On the off chance that kids really gained more from games, and the motivation behind training young lady's b-ball toward the starting evaluation school level was in certainty to Children ought to need to win their playing time. At the point when we implement the equivalent playing time rule we are removing the objective in which the competitors try to achieve.We death the serious idea of the port, and annihilate the core of the game. Not every person can be champs, that is the unforgiving truth of life! Children put in the exertion by and by so as to dominate matches, in this manner the best players ought to be the ones on the court speaking to their group. Why even keep track of who's winning if the significant isn't who wins? Sports are assume to be an opposition in this manner they will have victors and failures. This shows the children the significance of sportsmanship and give them something to move in the direction of. Like evaluations In school, a few understudies procure preferred evaluations over others and they are remunerated for It.Sports ought not be any extraordinary and we ought to permit the better competitors to sparkle, exceed expectations and be lauded for their resources instead of attempt and keep them down so as to try and out the playing field for different players. No where in life are more enthusiastically and get up to speed to the level in which their rivals are at! The physical advantages that some contend are imperative to execute at such a youthful age is another contention advanced by the rival side that I have heard various occasions. They guarantee that the significance of permitting youngsters to rest in the game is pivotal to keeping up their ph

Finding Connecticut College Student Essay Samples

Finding Connecticut College Student Essay SamplesFor students who are searching for essay samples on Connecticut college campuses, finding a list of essays that are available to them can be difficult. One of the first things to do is to seek out a list of Connecticut college students writing and submitting their essays online through an online essay writing site, such as Aweber.com.Aweber.com offers a resource called the College Student Essay. This resource contains a list of essays from Yale, Harvard, Rutgers, Columbia, Dartmouth, Rutgers, and Brandeis Universities.This service is offered by DCF.org. This is a site with a very large list of essays and sample papers available.The selection criteria for the submissions is based on merit. The entire process is open to anyone who has an account at DCF.org. In addition, the first round of submissions are accepted free of charge, while second and subsequent rounds of submissions are available for a fee.To qualify for one of these prizes, you must register with DCF.org. Once registered, you will be given the option to select a category or topic, submit your essay, choose the format for submission, select your paper's format, and a variety of other choices.Another way to find Connecticut college student essay samples is through searches over the internet. To begin with, you should search for the word essay and then use quotation marks around the word 'essay'. You should also include a period in between each of the words and also include all of the hyphens in between.While a thorough search online is most often the best way to locate Connecticut college student essay samples, you should not be shy about asking for some sample submissions in person. In addition, you can ask your college's admissions department for essays to submit two applications. You may also consider gathering together a group of friends and posting an online ad, to have your friends submit samples and essays.

Genre Of The Mind And Behavior - 1835 Words

Genre Analysis Option A: How information differs in Research Articles and Web Articles in the field of Psychology. Psychology in a general broad definition represents the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It is also a multifaceted discipline that includes many sub-fields of study ranging from human development to social-cognitive processes. One major way that Psychology studies the mind and behavior is through the use of experimental research in which experiments, correlation studies and longitudinal research is used to understand and explain how we, as human beings, act and think. This in itself represents on genre of the field of Psychology. Since Psychology is a field that is focused on the interactions, mindsets and behaviors, it is required that its research be provided to the general public. Reports of the empirical research findings of Psychology are usually reported through Magazines, News reports or Web articles. Web articles that are oriented in representing Psychology represents another genre of Psychology. However, while these two genres do provide information that are relat ed to the experimental, they differ drastically from another. Due to the organization of the genres as well as the respective audiences the genres respond to, psychology website articles and research article have different specific purposes that may lead to different interpretation, therefore, possible problems of misrepresentations or generalizations.. One of the first ways theseShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde926 Words   |  4 PagesRobert L. Stevenson and the play, Trifles by Susan Glaspell were written both literary pieces dealt in depravity. The two main genres engage in violent acts with no remorse. Both genres reveal emotional turmoil, that’s the battle within their mind and soul, taken pleasure in immoral behaviors. 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However, this genre often incorporates elements from the mystery and drama genre in addition to they typical traits of the thriller genre. ALso. occasionally this genre will border into the, also wide-ranfing, horror genre. The elements of psychologicalRead MoreEffective Study Methods1120 Words   |  5 Pageshave found methods of studying that work for me, and methods that do not work. These methods are explained and provided with proper examples from the textbook provided in class. Psychologists define learning as â€Å"a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, capability, or attitude that is acquired through experience and cannot be attributed to illness, injury, or maturation† (E. Wood, G. Wood Boyd, 2014, p. 145). Learning is essential in remembering and understanding key information whenever

Essay on Infamy vs. Immortality Beowulf and Gilgamesh

Immortality, monstrosity, infamy, catastrophe, might, and courage are all aspects of the epic legends of Beowulf and Gilgamesh. Though they subsisted in two utterly different historical eras, these epic heroes have numerous similarities and differences. For example, while they were booth deemed epic heroes, their mortalities were not equal. Beowulf had superhuman qualities such as having the strength of thirty men, but was born a mortal man. On the contrary, Gilgamesh was a demigod as he was born two-thirds god and one-third human by Ninsun, the goddess of dreams and cows. This is only one of the various instances of similarities and differences of these two epic idols. In addition to mortality, their leadership customs serve as†¦show more content†¦The reader gains knowledge of of Gilgamesh’s harsh ways as Shamat, a prostitute, informs Enkidu, a wild man that eventually becomes Gilgamesh’s companion, of his behavior. Equally important is the way that thes e men carry themselves in the midst of battle. Gilgamesh is an impatient warrior that is known for carrying his side kick Enkidu with him to battle. One can witness his anxiety for battle in the literature when he confronts Humbamba, the sentinel fiend of the Cedar Forest. However, Beowulf is a patiend and independent competitor. In his battle with Grendel, a hellish, Dane preying monster, Beowulf practiced patience by waiting until the monster tried to eat him to attack. He displayed independence in battle by ordering his gang of thanes to remain on the barrow as he set forth in his final battle with a flame hurling dragon. But despite their differences they were both two tremendously powerful characters that generally set out for one mutual ambition, fame. The great king of the Geats exhibited his brute strength in the brawl with Grendel on his journey to seek fame. As the literature declares, Beowulf traveled to Denmark to save the Danes from the wrath of Grendel. When th e infamous killer tried to seize Beowulf in battle, he embraced the claws of the beast in his fist until they crumbled. Similarly, Gilgamesh pronounces to

New Media Technologies Have Blurred the Lines between Media Consumers

Question: Drawing on relevant research critically discuss how new media technologies have blurred the lines between media consumers and media producers. How has this phenomenon impacted on media audience research? Answer: Introduction New media technologies can be considered as any such type of application that transfers information with the help of computerized systems or digital techniques or data networks. This technology was initially established in the 20th century and was then primarily associated with the transfer of information in a more manipulative manner (Courtois, Verdegem and De Marez, 2012). Most of the form of this technology is extremely interactive and contains such data design that is compressed and would be accessed in different markets. Some of the most common instances of this new media technology comprises of Internet-based concepts such as websites and other digital mediums such as CD-ROMs and DVDs (Craig A. Cunningham, 2009). The old media such as television, film and paper based products are not included in the ambit of new media. This concept of new media technology commenced during the 1960s (Puppis, 2010). As the modern computer technology started the exchange of information through the medium gradually started becoming a very powerful application. This media technology is used by the artists and designers to discover new concepts and create new things in this field such as new video games or digital artwork (Pierson, Mante-Meijer and Loos, 2011). The use of such technologies started becoming more prevalent in the 1980s and it replaced the other traditional mediums by the implementation of the computers and video game systems. In accordance to the standards of new media technology there are common elements existing in the modern mediums. In contemporary times since technology is available in almost all corners of the world the geographic distance has lessened. The communication level as well as the speed has increased with the help of the internet. Moreover, the level of exchange in information has helped the users to adapt the new technologies and supply input. The concept of old and new media To critically discuss the topic how new media technologies have blurred the lines between the media producers and media consumers, one thing is clear enough that an understandable difference between old and new media should be illustrated on the very initial part of the discussion. Old media consists of mostly radio, print, movies, television and their presence within the societies and human lives was restricted to a small number of places (Fischer, 2010). For instance, radio and television are invented long back and use to be the main technology aspects in the residences. Initially movies were enjoyed in theatres until DVD players and VCRs brought the facilities to enjoy the movies into homes. The closest item to a transportable mass medium was reading a paper or book on a travel to and from work (Len-Ros, 2011). Nevertheless, new media are considered as more social and personal than older media that generates an inconsistency. New media concurrently connect and separate media consu mers. As a whole it can be said that a shift from analogue to digital technology is the new media. Various different terminologies are applied when people discuss about new media. These include online media, digital media, personal media and social media. Characteristics of different media; source: (Deitel, Deitel and Nieto, 2000). The terminology new media itself is critiqued for setting up an artificial dichotomy between old and new (Ross, 2010). The technological advancement to set the media as new media has been in the process of improvement since many years and also it has no last limit (Deitel, Deitel and Nieto, 2000). Various in innovations make the new media more novel and fresh and this process in continuing. So, it is also a matter of concern whether people can accept already existing new media as old or oldest as new innovations are in line. For instance the internet is present in its own capacity since past forty years and the World Wide Web made internet more accessible to the crowds (Anderson, 2014). Now, it can be said that the term new assist public to understand few main technological alterations from old media forms and also says that the new media forms are current and future oriented, as technology and media are developing faster constantly than before (Deitel, Deitel and Nieto, 2000). So, a gain what is an innovation today may not be accepted new within a week. In spite of rapid technological development, compatibility associated with multiple platforms ironically permits for some constancy. Whereas, innovative technology frequently made the analogue media products and devices outdated, the new media format stays same even as updated and newer gadgets with which to access digital media become obtainable. Important to innovative media is considered as the idea of technical convergence (Chambers, 2011). Mostly new media are digital and the current digitization of old media permits new media to freely circulate and be played or accessed or read by any of the digital media platform with no requirement for conversion. This can be illustrated with an example, records cannot be played in a cassette tape player or VHS cassette tapes cannot be played in a DVD player. Similarly, while machines which print words and human eyes are the encoding and decoding tools required to conne ct with the analogue structures of print media, people can read printed text books or can read printed material on a system, or on a Smartphone, i-pad, e-reader or different other handheld gadgets (Kendall, 2008). Another characteristic of this new media is blurring of lines between the media consumers and media producers as individual media consumers now pose a more personal association with the media. Personal media The term personal media is used as the media users are free to select the content of the media to which they wish to get exposed, to produce their personal content, to share their content with others, to link or comment on others content and overall to structure modified media environments (Boase, 2008). While the mass media messages are the conception of professionals and institutions, many personal media messages are the formation of small groups or individuals whose abilities range from recreational to professional. Personal systems permitted hobbyists and amateurs to formulate new system programs which individuals could circulate on discs or possibly during early internet connections (Jenkins, 2006). Camcorders permitted individuals to generate different variety of products from videos to independent or amateur films. Listening devices and portable recordings allowed individual to make their personalized mix tapes and give musicians an accessible and affordable way to generate de mo tapes. These types of media creations were not easily distributed prior as today, as analogue technology still necessitated that individual send their notes on tapes or discs. Digital media Personal media laid across the line to social and new media with growing accessibility of digital media and internet. As the media products for example pictures, music and videos turned digital, analogue personalized media gadgets, which individual once brought around were no longer essential (Luders, 2008). Latest online platforms offered individual the chance to make and create content which could be obtained by any person with the help of an internet connection. For instance: a singer, who would have sold his/her recorded songs on cassettes out of his/her vehicle might be discovered now after putting his/her song on MySpace (Kendall, 2008). Social Networking Sites Social networking sites are the most influential element of new web. As per Vitkauskaite (2012), this allows the media users to construct a semipublic or public profile, build a connective network to other individuals and check others networks and profiles of connections (Vitkauskaite, 2012). The concept of social networking has been existed for more than a decade, previous emphasis for example MySpace and Friendster have yielded to the massive site called Facebook. More specific networking site like: LinkedIn concentrate on the professional networking (Mandiberg, 2012). In any situation, the capacity to status updates, self-publish instruction, likes, dislikes, links and profiles allows individual to craft individual life narrative and share with other individuals (Dunbar-Hester, 2009). Similarly, other individuals can follow others narratives in the same network as these are generated. The level to what people engage with the narratives of others differs depend upon the closeness o f association and situational aspects, but the social networking sites are applied to maintain weak, moderate and string ties with other members. Social media is considered as the way through the concept of sharing and collaboration rather than merely through interpersonal interaction and connection. As per Fisher (2014), the growth of concept of creative general licensing and open source publishing presents challenge to conventional copyrights, corporations and media outlets. The concept of open source publishing initially appeared with software programming (Fisher, 2014). Crowdsourcing refers to the concept stage of improvement where individual from different positions and perceptions offer information or proposals to explain a problem or formulate something fresh. In a nutshell, the amalgamation of crowdsourcing and open source publishing permits the media user community to jointly create and develop on more creative projects, products and ideas (Shepherd, 2012). Contrasting most media inventions which are closely monitored and tightly copyrighted by the organizations which create then, crowdsourcing and open source publishing increase the democratizing prospective of new media. As per Dunbar-Hester (2009), the arrival of this participative, democratizing, collaborative and new media has been embraced and resisted by the channels linked with old media (Dunbar-Hester, 2009). Increased feedback and participations represents that the conventional media channels which were applied to passive and one way audiences now have to pay attention to and answer feedback, some of what are negative and critical as well (Bell, 2010). User formulated content professional as well as unpaid, can compete directly with the traditional mass media substance, which charges much more to generate. Social media Social media is said to be responsible for entire occurrence of viral videos, where a commercial parody can reach millions and billions of audiences within few minutes than a real commercial. Medial channels are in a contradiction (Mihailidis and Thevenin, 2013). These channels want to support the participation of the audiences but they want to be equipped to predict and control the media utilization habits and audience recreations. New media comprise mainly digital media that are designed to read binary code. New media are different from old media as they are less related to specific platform and are hence more movable from one device to another. New media are also less attached to physical object (Woodward, 2007). That means instruction can be accumulated electronically more willingly than requiring to encoded to physical object. New media are more social and personal than old media (Gates, 2008). This is because the line between the media producers and media consumers haze in new media; media users obtain more independence to personalize individual media experiences. Moreover, reciprocative web of personalized media gadgets allow people to collaborate, be in touch with one another and share instruction in various ways which increase the communal nature of the application of technology (Dunbar-Hester, 2009). The concept of Prosumer Vincent Miller makes argument on the idea how the lines between consumers and producers blurred, in his writing named understanding digital culture (Miller, 2011). Consumers are the purchasers or the audiences of the produced objects and producers create cultural objects and content. By referring to the term prosumers, Millers illustrates that along with the introduction of convergent innovative media and choice overabundance in information sources, in addition to augmented ability to generate content by themselves (Bell, 2010). This move away from producer domination to consumer or audience power would suppose to have speed up and thus grinding down the consumer-producer distinction (Davies, 2015). Prosumer is said to be the completing consequence of strategy, which has been growingly applied that supports feedback between consumers and producers (in short prosumers) and this allows for more media consumers control over the creation of products. Impact of new media technologies on media audience research Communication study has always considered media effect to be very significant part of it and hence the number of theoretical achievements has been more in this field. Nevertheless, in the era of new media technologies the effect of both the new media and the traditional media is seen to deviate from the present theories (Kent, 1994). As the new and advanced media technology is gradually opening up, it is observed that the traditional media is slowly collapsing (Nightingale, 2011). This traditional media had won a public trust in the past couple of years and with the advent of the new media technologies this trust is diminishing at very fast pace (Tyner, 2009). The modern social networks such as Microblog, Facebook, and Twitter assist people to extract more information from the internet resources than the general sources such as the television and newspapers (Walden, 2012). Through the new media technologies the chances of enforcing the audience to believe the propaganda of the government is comparatively less (Newman, 2010). Additionally, it is also true that when the propaganda by the state media shifts from common sense the reality becomes more of an irony to the propaganda for the audience (Gunter and Machin, 2009). The influence of the new media has a two step flow. Generally it is seen that when the opinion leaders are influenced by the media only then most part of the audience is influenced as they are guided by these opinion leaders (Ross and Nightingale, 2003). It is seen that these opinion leaders are mostly urbane, serious media users and generally cannot be easily manipulated by the media content. Hence, we can say that they act as barriers between the media influence and the audience. To some extent this barrier is extremely necessary and effective. Further, individual media tends to have very less power on the adult audience population. This is mainly because of the fact that by the time most people turn into adults they are absorbed by different groups and therefore individual media has less impact on them. In the new media technology era this is more prominent as the information of the opponent is no longer effective in this group of audiences. Nevertheless, it can be noted that new media tends to offer a much wider view for the audiences. Primarily, there lies a major multiplication of the personal media in this new era. The traditional media in contemporary times is using newer arrangements of space and time. Presently what is more essential is not the technology but rather the social context of the use of the media. Hence, these social uses are a part of the broader reformulations. With regard to implied audiences that includes the presumed or the imagined audiences, it is observed that they play a significant part in the discourses relating to the new media (Gillespie, 2005). Many scholars are considering the project of mapping new audiences with respect to the challenge for the application of the empirical methods to public speculations (Ross and Nightingale, 2003). For a research on new media technology the empirical research on audience is extremely essential. With every passing day audiences are becoming less predictable and more fragmented in their relationship with the media (LIVINGSTONE, 1999). Hence understanding them is becoming even more important for the theories such as social shaping, markets, designs etc. Further with the advent of the new media technology in the form of multimedia computing, internet, and poly channel broadcasting the television audience is challenged (Napoli, 2011). The new media technology provides the audience an increased control and choice over the facts of when or where or how the audience consumes the media and on the transformation of the relationship between the media and the audience (Book.douban.com, n.d.). Simultaneously, the new media technology also forms an assuring as well as monitoring audience behavior and this reveals the methods in which the audiences consume the media. These factors were unknown during the times of the old media technology (Lindlof, 1991). Hence the ongoing technological changes force the media industries to think in a different manner regarding their audiences and undermine the traditional concepts and analytical approaches (Wicks, 2000). However, they also simultaneously open new dimensions for the conceptualizing audiences. Therefore it can be stated that the new age audiences are slowly becoming more subtle and erratic. At the same time the new systems for measuring the audiences or gathering of feedback or anticipating their tastes and preferences are ensuring the media industries to redefine the true worthiness of the media audiences and how these audiences are included in the strategies and economics of the businesses (LIVINGSTONE, 1999). It can be then said that there is about to be an evolution of the media audiences in the near future. Media industry analysts have generally emphasized on the idea that the media audience is a socially constructed occurrence and the industries that define the audience in a particular manner tend to reflect the needs and interests of these audiences and as a result some of the most essential features of the audiences are ignored (Bould, 2012). In this context relating to media audiences the idea of rationalization of the understanding of the audience includes the efforts to carry more empirical rigor and quantitative methods in order to process the broad range of dimensions of audience behavior that includes exposure, awareness and appreciation. Conclusion The exact procedure at work nowadays is one in which the chief conceptualization of the audience engaged by media industry stakeholders is shifting from the old focused based approach and is gradually exploring into the other wider dimensions relating to the experience of the audience including the engagement of the audience to the appreciation of the audience (Moores, 1990). In the contemporary times it is seen that the increase in the audience fragmentation and audience autonomy that is mostly imposed by the new media technology is undermining the exposure model of the old media. References Anderson, J. (2014). Book review: Media regulation: Governance and the interests of citizens and consumers.Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 20(3), pp.370-371. Bell, E. (2010). Book Review: New media, old hat: New Media, Old News: Journalism and Democracy in the Digital Age, edited by Natalie Fenton (Sage Publications, pp232, 22.99).British Journalism Review, 21(1), pp.82-84. Boase, J. (2008). PERSONAL NETWORKS AND THE PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.Information, Communication Society, 11(4), pp.490-508. Book.douban.com, (n.d.).The Effects of the Media on Audience Groups (à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ®Ã‚ º: à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬â€Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ®Ã‚ º). [online] Available at: https://book.douban.com/review/5443493/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2015]. Bould, M. (2012). Paranormal Media: Audiences, Spirits and Magic in Popular Culture.Screen, 53(4), pp.495-498. Chambers, T. (2011). Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences.Journal of Communication, 61(4), pp.E1-E4. Courtois, C., Verdegem, P. and De Marez, L. (2012). The Triple Articulation of Media Technologies in Audiovisual Media Consumption.Television New Media, 14(5), pp.421-439. Craig A. Cunningham, (2009). Transforming Schooling through Technology: Twenty-First-Century Approaches to Participatory Learning.Education and Culture, 25(2), pp.46-61. Davies, E. (2015). Meanings and mess in collaborative participatory research.Literacy, 49(1), pp.28-36. Deitel, H., Deitel, P. and Nieto, T. (2000).Internet and World Wide Web. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Dunbar-Hester, C. (2009). 'Free the spectrum!' Activist encounters with old and new media technology.New Media Society, 11(1-2), pp.221-240. Fischer, G. (2010). End User Development and Meta-Design.Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 22(1), pp.52-82. Fisher, E. (2014). 'You Media': audiencing as marketing in social media.Media, Culture Society, 37(1), pp.50-67. Gates, K. (2008). New Media Addiction.Television New Media, 10(1), pp.58-60. Gillespie, M. (2005).Media audiences. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Gunter, B. and Machin, D. (2009).Media audiences. London: SAGE. Jenkins, H. (2006).Convergence culture where old and new media collide. Nueva York (Estados Unidos): New York University Press. Kendall, L. (2008). BEYOND MEDIA PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS: Online multimedia productions as interpersonal communication.Information, Communication Society, 11(2), pp.207-220. Kent, R. (1994).Measuring media audiences. London: Routledge. Len-Ros, M. (2011). Understanding ethnic media: Producers, consumers and societies.Journal of Communication, 61(6), pp.E1-E3. Lindlof, T. (1991). The qualitative study of media audiences.Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 35(1), pp.23-42. LIVINGSTONE, S. (1999). New Media, New Audiences?.New Media Society, 1(1), pp.59-66. Luders, M. (2008). Conceptualizing personal media.New Media Society, 10(5), pp.683-702. Mandiberg, M. (2012).The social media reader. New York: New York University Press. Mihailidis, P. and Thevenin, B. (2013). Media Literacy as a Core Competency for Engaged Citizenship in Participatory Democracy.American Behavioral Scientist, 57(11), pp.1611-1622. Miller, V. (2011).Understanding digital culture. London: SAGE Publications. Moores, S. (1990). Texts, readers and contexts of reading: developments in the study of media audiences.Media, Culture Society, 12(1), pp.9-29. Napoli, P. (2011).Audience evolution. New York: Columbia University Press. Newman, M. (2010). New media, young audiences and discourses of attention: from Sesame Street to 'snack culture'.Media, Culture Society, 32(4), pp.581-596. Nightingale, V. (2011).The handbook of media audiences. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. Pierson, J., Mante-Meijer, E. and Loos, E. (2011).New media technologies and user empowerment. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Puppis, M. (2010). Media Governance: A New Concept for the Analysis of Media Policy and Regulation.Communication, Culture Critique, 3(2), pp.134-149. Ross, K. and Nightingale, V. (2003).Media and audiences. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Ross, P. (2010). Is there an expertise of production? The case of new media producers.New Media Society, 13(6), pp.912-928. Shepherd, H. (2012). Crowdsourcing.Contexts, 11(2), pp.10-11. Tyner, K. (2009). Audiences, Intertextuality, and New Media Literacy.International Journal of Learning and Media, 1(2), pp.25-31. Vitkauskaite, E. (2012). LOCALISING SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: SOME MARKETING IMPLICATIONS.ecoman, 17(2). Walden, J. (2012). Global Advertising, Attitudes and Audiences.New Media Society, 14(5), pp.886-888. Wicks, R. (2000).Understanding audiences. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Woodward, I. (2007).Understanding material culture. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

The Doppler Effect free essay sample

Explain the Doppler Effect. Task Directions: Write an essay explaining the Doppler Effect. Be sure to explain what the observed effect is, why it occurs, and give specific examples that include at least two different types of waves. If you’ve ever had the bad luck to have been the recipient of a speeding ticket, or noticed how the sound of an approaching vehicle has a higher pitch as it’s moving toward you and a lower pitch as it moves away from you, you’ve experienced what’s known as the Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect, named for physicist Christian Doppler, is the apparent change in frequency of a wave through a medium with respect to an observer. When a stationary source emits a wave (sound, light, electromagnetic, etc. ) through a medium at a constant frequency, the wave propagates outward in all directions with a constant wavelength. Observers on either side of the source will experience the wave at the same frequency. We will write a custom essay sample on The Doppler Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the source of the wave begins to move through the medium, like in the case of a passing car, the source of the wave closes the distance between one crest of the wave and the next, causing the waves to â€Å"bunch up† ahead of the source, decreasing the wavelength in front of it, and increasing the wavelength behind it. The result is that any observer ahead of the wave will experience an apparent increase in frequency of the wave, and any observer behind it will experience a decrease in the frequency of the wave. The Doppler Effect is most often associated with sound waves, like in the example of the passing car, but can apply to any kind of wave. In the unfortunate case of the speeding ticket mentioned above, the Doppler Effect is used with electromagnetic waves to measure the speed of your car as it passes a stationary police car equipped with a radar-emitting device, or â€Å"radar gun†. The radar gun emits electromagnetic waves, or pulses, at a constant rate, which bounce off of passing vehicles and back to the source. The device notes the change in wavelength from when it originated the pulse to when the pulse returned from its target, and then calculates the speed of that target. This example shows that the Doppler Effect can apply even when it is the observer who moves, not just the wave source.

Boleslavsky Chapter 1 review essays

Boleslavsky Chapter 1 review essays The first concept that we learn in Richard Boleslavskys Acting: The First Six Lessons is about Concentration; a technique that all actors need to focus upon in order to help create a believable presence onstage. He states that Concentration in the quality that permits us to direct all of our spiritual and intellectual forces toward one definite object and to continue as long as it pleases and to do so- sometimes for a time much longer then our physical strength can endure. (pg. 9) At first talking to a young prospective student about how theater cannot be taught. Its merely whether or not you have the talent to play that determines whether you can know theater. He then asks the student what shows she has done and asks her to speak some lines. By doing this he shows he that there is more then one way to express oneself through a set of lines, it was easier for the student to curse something then to struggle to think of how to use the same line to give it praise. He explains to her the creature, as she is called, that she did not understand theater and completely went against everything theater stands for, basically saying she cannot act. By accusing her of this, he evoked a pure, raw emotion in her of pain and sadness. He then explained to her what he had just done, showing the creature that she had just used emotion to work on something and then went into the importance of concentration, telling a small story about a fisherman who used all of his concentration to get his boat safely back to the harbor, and only then did he let his concentration done and fainted. He explains that most all professions have some sort of material concentration, but the actor has the human soul. The creature asked, But how do you start? In wish there is a reply that you use your 5 tools, your 5 senses to start at the beginning to create a character. It is only from there that you can begin to constr ...

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world - Essay Example He has done the impossible. He has turned shame into glory and glory into shame. His is the folly that outsmarts the wise, the weakness that overpowers the strong†¦the liberating victory of the one true God (Hogan 47).’’ Second, that the resurrection of Jesus is the dawning of the New Age. That man is no longer bound by the shackles of death but that by the resurrection of Jesus, humanity is being invited and called by God to live in the â€Å"spiritual body†¦(not) in the Platonic sense, i.e. non-material. He means a body (physical in some sense), which is constituted by the ‘spirit’ (Hogan 50). Thus, Jesus’ resurrection is the Christian’s hope that at the end of all the pains and sufferings that they may encounter there is the resurrection. Third, that Jesus is the fulfilment of the Old Testament - of the promise Messiah. The crucified and risen Jesus is the King in the Davidic sense. And that Jesus is the embodiment of the Kingship of God in this world. And lastly, Jesus is the King and God not only of the Jews but of the entire world. This shows us that God’s kingship is not limited solely among the Jews but that his Lordship encompass all the peoples of the world for He is the One True God and that through the death and resurrection of Jesus, God’s victory over all the evils, powers and death is â€Å"God’s victory over all the world (Hogan 47).† In the end, Gospel for Paul is a proclamation not only of the acts of Jesus – His life, death and resurrection – but that Jesus himself is the fulfilment of the Messianic promise(s) that resounds over and over again in the Old Testament. But more than that, Paul has presented to us that the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus opened the doors of heavens not only for the Jews but for all people – Jews and Gentiles – as Jesus’ victory is over all the

A comparison argument (or contrast, but not both) between a limited Research Paper - 1

A comparison argument (or contrast, but not both) between a limited aspect of the Viet Nam Conflict and our Conflict in Afghanistan(you need to chose a limited aspect that you are intrested in) - Research Paper Example Although the Afghan war is still going on and for that reason, the consequences of the war cannot be completely compared; but since the end is predicted to come about in the near future, a comparison can be drawn with respect to the destruction and losses militarily and politically. This paper, while reflecting upon the background of the Vietnamese and Afghan wars, will draw comparisons between them and cover the causes and consequences that a gory war brings about with it. Initially, the United States had little interest in Vietnam. However, as it became clear that the post-World War II world would be dominated by the US and its allies as well as the Soviet Union and its fighting partners, isolating communist movements took an increased importance in America’s eyes. These concerns were ultimately shaped into the doctrine of containment and domino theory. The move towards containment identified that the goal of communism was to spread to capitalist states and according to America, the only way to stop it was to â€Å"contain† it within its present borders. Moreover, arising from containment was the concept of domino theory, which stated that if one state in a region were to fall to communism, then the surrounding states would inevitably fall as well. These concepts forced US to get involved in the Vietnam conflict. In 1950, to combat the spread of communism, the United States began supplying the French military in Vietnam with advisors an d funding its efforts against the â€Å"red† Viet Minh (Hickman). According to an American senior journalist, with the initial objective of vanquishing al- Qaeda largely achieved, and the latest goal of luring the Taliban into a power-sharing deal out of reach, the main reason the U.S. is still at war in Afghanistan is inertia, and not for logical reasons. This is because the American military brass wants to show that its counter-insurgency theories work and â€Å"they are impressive theories developed by impressive

Music Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Music Industry Analysis Essay Analysis on Music Instrument Industry of Bangladesh Analysis on Music Instrument Industry of Bangladesh Submitted to: Mr. Md. Saif Noman Khan Assistant Professor Submitted by: Md. Mashrur Rahman Khan(Zr-11) (Group Leader) Contact No. 01675694513 e-mail:[emailprotected] com Sayeed Shorif Russel(Zr-08) Adib Iqbal Umit(Zr-12) Abdullah Al Muyid(Zr-18) Saif Hasan(Zr-21) Shah Shihab Sadman (Zr-27) Fahmid Shawon(Zr-28) Shamsuddin Muhammad Ishtiaque(Zr-30) Al Imran Bin Khodadad(Zr-46) Nafiz Alam Khan(Zr-47) BBA 18 Institute of Business Administration University of DhakA December 20, 2010 Mr. Saif Noman Khan Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dear Sir: â€Å"SUBMISSION OF TERM PAPER† It is our distinct pleasure to hand over to you our term paper that fulfills the partial requirement of the Business Communication course (C103). Being the students of Business Administration, it has been more of an opportunity for us to be able to work on this report. The knowledge and first-hand experience that we gained while going out there and collecting relevant data and the networks we made while interviewing different personnel, are undoubtedly going to prove to our advantage once we step into the corporate world. This report, and the investigation behind it, was prepared under your direct supervision. We pledge that under no circumstances will any part of it be reproduced for any reason or be shared with anyone else without your written consent. Furthermore, we pledge that this report has not been submitted to any other faculty member of the Institute of Business Administration We tried to accommodate your invaluable comments and suggestions in our report. In this connection, should you need any further clarification, please feel free to contact us (the contact details are included in the title page). We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to you for providing us with a thorough knowledge base of how to come up with an excellent report while enjoying doing so. We have been very enthusiastic about doing a good job on this report and hence are hoping that it would meet up to your expectations. Sincerely, Md. Mashrur Rahman Khan(Zr-11)| Sayeed Shorif Russel(Zr-08)| Adib Iqbal (Zr-12)| Abdullah Al Muyid(Zr-18)| Saif Hasan(Zr-21)| Shah Shihab Sadman (Zr-27)| Fahmid Shawon(Zr-28)| Shamsuddin Muhammad Ishtiaque(Zr-30)| Al Imran Bin Khodadad(Zr-46)| Nafiz Alam Khan(Zr-47)| Table of Contents Executive summaryvii 1. 0Introduction8 1. 1 Origin of the report8 1. 2 Objective8 1. 3 Scope9 1. 4 Limitations9 1. 5 Methodology9 1. 6 Historical Background10 2. 0 Music Instruments11 3. 0 Industry Structure14 3. 1 Background of the industry14 3. 2 Sales Trend15 3. 3 growth rate16 3. 4 growth potential17 3. 5 Industry composition17 3. 6 product composition18 4. 0 Analysis of Consumer Preferences18 4. 1 Survey Procedure18 4. 2 Survey Results18 5. 0 Analyzing the Market24 5. 1 Market trends24 5. 2 Market share25 5. 3 Market Growth26 5. 4 Market Size29 . 5 Market leaders29 6. 0 Available Products in the Market31 7. 0 Value Chain Analysis35 7. 1 PORTER’S GENERIC VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF THE MUSIC INSTRUMENT INDUSTRY35 7. 1. 1 Core process36 7. 1. 2 Supporting process37 7. 2 Activity analysis37 8. 0 Value Chain System of Music Instrument Industry39 9. 0 Analysis from Investors Point of View40 9. 1 Porter’s Five Forces Industry Analysis40 9. 2 SWOT Analysis43 9. 3 Suggestions for Investors43 10. 0 Conclusion45 11. 0 Bibliography46 12. 0 Appendix47 List of Illustrations Figures: Figure 1: Preference of Music Genre19 Figure 2: Preference of Music Instruments19 Figure 3: Purpose of Purchase20 Figure 4: Consumer Budget Analysis21 Figure 5: Brand Preferenceof Guitar22 Figure 6: Brand Preference of Drums22 Figure 7: Brand Preference of Keyboard23 Figure 8: Acceptance of Second Hand Instruments24 Figure 9: Shop Preference26 Figure 10:Cost-Revenue Overview29 Figure 11: Porters Value Chain Analysis36 Figure 12: Value Chain process of Music Industry39 Figure 13: SWOT Analysis44 Tables: Table 1: Classification of Music Instruments10 Table 2: Price Variation27 Executive summary The rich musical culture of Bangladesh provides a solid base for the music instrument industry to flourish. Bangladesh has 27 genres of cultural music and in recent years modern music has become very popular in this country. Owing to these two factors the music instrument industry, although being small in terms of stature, is quite affluent in nature. The music instruments industry of Bangladesh has been growing at a steady growth ever since its arrival. But since the 90’s the growth rate has been exceptional. The major players in this market are Melody ; Co. Surashree, Sur niketan, Sangita, World Music etc. The characteristics of the market can be attributed to that of oligopoly. The existing major companies hold the major percentage of market share and thus entry of new companies in this industry is faced with various barriers. But there is ample opportunity for new investors to flourish in this market because of the constant flow of the customer. The value chain analysis of the industry also leads to a similar conclusion. The established companies have a widespread supply and distribution chain which helps them to gain cost advantage over other companies. This again bars the entry of new companies in this industry. The survey conducted on consumers has depicted similar findings. Consumers have a special consideration for the established brands and they generally use products depending on their previous experiences or being influenced by opinion leaders (Rock stars, Music Teachers). This hinders the entry of new companies as creating a brand image in consumers mind takes time which can prove to be very costly. In this report, concise description of the music instrument industry is provided for the investors to analyze the market themselves. Some analysis of this market are also included which we have done ourselves. By analyzing the market using SWOT and Porter’s five forces industry analysis, the opportunities and threats of the market were identified. If further investment is taken into consideration, this analysis should help the investors to understand the market trends and invest according to the demands of customers. vii|Page 1. 0 Introduction Entertainment is one humane quality that we possess and music provides the celestial emotions therefore, musicians are acclaimed everywhere. Music industry is growing all over the world and so is the need for professional and high quality musical instruments. Music is a big part of our culture as Bangladeshis. So, our music industry has grown considerably across time. The music instruments industry has met this growth alongside it. In the past decade the both industries have gone through some major changes. This report focuses on the current status of the music instruments industry. - 1. 1 Origin of the report The fulfillment of the Business Communication (C103) Course, taken at the Institute of Business Administration, requires the submission of a report assigned by the course instructor. Thus, by the kind approval and authorization of our honorable course instructor, Mohammad Saif Noman Khan, Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Administration, we, a group of students of BBA 18th batch, have prepared this report on the music instruments industry of Bangladesh. 1. 2 Objective The primary objective of our report is to provide a brief overview on the music instrument industry of Bangladesh. Through the report and its included value chain analysis of the industry potential investors may evaluate the profit prospects of investing in the sector . We will emphasize on the current situation of Bangladeshi music instrument industry and also compare it with previous years to analyze the market trend. We will focus on the key influencing factors of the music instruments industry of Bangladesh. Specific objectives: * State the music instruments available in Bangladesh * Understand the existing market structure of music instruments * Identify the market leaders Provide a value chain analysis of this industry * Determine consumers’ preference towards branded/non-branded products * Implementing our knowledge from this course in the real world scenario and getting a broader perspective * Analyzing the market from an investor’s perspective * Identify specific sectors where investment can be made * Determining the growth prospects of the sector. 1. 3 Scope This report is intended to provide adequate information on the music instruments industry of Bangladesh; the focus will be on both classical and modern musical instruments sector. The paper includes reviews of various literatures that are available and also in-depth analysis of the survey result that we conducted as a part of the report. The scope of the study encompasses the different music instruments shops around Dhaka. 1. 4 Limitations The main limitations faced while working for the report are: * The surveys carried out for the report were based solely on the capital city of Dhaka; other cities or even villages were not considered for surveying because of the geographical difficulties involved. * There were hardly any relevant journals or other secondary information sources on the topic. Some of the local companies were poorly structured and didn’t have adequate recording procedure; so much of the information was not possible to gather. * Some of the information gathered through the internet was backdated and up-to-date information was not available * The main source of information was interviews of owners of different shops. There is a possibility that the information provided by them was partial to their respective shops. 1. 5 Methodology While preparing this report both primary and secondary data sources were used. Personal interviews and informal discussions with individuals associated with the sector, served as the source of our primary data collection. Although formal questionnaires where used for the interviews, we were lenient in adhering strictly to facilitate the gathering of relevant information. * Primary Sources The primary information gathered for the report was basically questionnaire based. Two types of questionnaire served the purpose of gathering information for the report (Market survey questionnaire and consumer survey questionnaire). The methodology used in this report was a survey of 50 people from different walks of life. This wide sample was chosen in order to provide a more comprehensive study of the different music instruments and genre and to gather a broader array of opinions. For the market study our study was limited within the boundaries of Dhaka city. Most of the music instrument industry in Bangladesh is situated in Science Laboratory, Shakharibazar, Gulshan and Bashundhara City. These four locations comprise 90% of the whole music instruments industry. We interviewed approximately 10 different shop owners. The shop owners were highly co-operative. But the poor recording process practiced by those companies stood in the way of our gathering proper information. Secondary Sources Different books, Internet resources and newspapers were used for secondary data collection. Online resources were primarily used to know about the market structure, profit margin, brand names, the distribution system, key manufactures, and suppliers and to get the information provided by the companies themselves to know about the products. 1. 6 Historical Background Bangladesh has a rich music culture. There are over 27 genres of music which are prominent in Bangladesh. Now In keeping with the global growth Bangladesh has also adopted the different music cultures from outside the country. This has opened a new horizon for our music instrument industry as people started to move on to the rock culture. Due to this the market has shifted more to imported product. Classical and cultural music (Rabindra, Nazrul sangeet, Lalan Geeti etc. ) were popular since the inception of Bangladesh. Back in 1995, the underground band culture started growing. By 2001 it became so popular that the big players of the music industry took notice of the growing talents. To take advantage of high profitability of the industry, investors gathered and formed an oligopoly. The veterans of the industry began catering to the modern musicians and slowly moved towards modern instruments. A few companies which failed to change with the times went out of frame. Seeking this opportunity, new music instrument companies emerged. Till now music instrument industry in Bangladesh is in profit and there is practically in no loss. It may seem very profitable to invest in this rising industry, but the big names of the industry make it virtually impossible to attract a user base. 2. 0 Music Instruments Owing to the vast number of the music genres, the types of musical instrument have reached more than one can imagine. The popular musical instruments can, however, be classified in to two major categories: * Classical Instrument. * Modern Instrument. These instruments can be classified again into three major criteria: * Aerophones(Wind Instruments Vibrating air) * Chordophones(Stringed Instruments Vibrating strings) * Membranophones(Vibrating Membrane Instruments) In our report we will try to provide a brief view on different instrument for the potential investors who may not have sufficient knowledge about music instruments. In much of Europe, the term harmonium is used to describe all pedal-pumped keyboard free-reed instruments, making no distinction whether it has a pressure or suction bellows. In South Asia, the term generally refers to a hand-pumped instrument. Tablas: The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument (of the membranophone family) used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres. The term tabla is derived from an Arabic word, tabl, which simply means drum. Sitar: Sitar is a Persian musical instrument. It is a member of the lute family. Two and a half centuries ago, a fourth string was added to the sitar, which has 25 27 moveable frets. It originated in Persia before the spread of Islam. Ektara: Ektara literally one-string, also called iktar, ektar, yaktaro gopichand) is a one-string instrument used in Bangladesh, India, Egypt, and Pakistan. In origin the ektara was a regular string instrument of wandering bards and minstrels from India and is plucked with one finger. The ektara usually has a stretched single string, an animal skin over a head (made of dried pumpkin/gourd, wood or coconut) and pole neck or split bamboo cane neck. The various sizes of ektara are soprano, tenor, and bass. The bass ektara, sometimes called a dotara often has two strings (as literally implied by do, two). Dotara: The dotara (or dotar) is a two or four stringed musical instrument resembling a small guitar. It is commonly used in Bangladesh and West Bengal, and dates from the 15th-16th century when it was adopted by the ascetic cults of Bauls and Fakirs. The equivalent as a traditional long-necked two-stringed lute is found in Central Asia as dutar. It has two main forms, the Bangla and the Bhhawaiya. The Bangla form originated in Rahr Bangla where it is still predominantly played. The Bhhawaiya form dotara is almost extinct in contemporary times and has a more primeval beginning than its Bangla cousin. Flute: The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel-Sachs, flutes are categorized as Edge-blown aerophones. Aside from the voice, flutes are the earliest known musical instruments. Electric guitars: An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric signals. Since the generated signal is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, it is amplified before sending it to a loudspeaker. Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, the signal may easily be altered using electronic circuits to add color to the sound. It served as a major component in the development of rock and roll and countless other genres of music. Acoustic guitars: An acoustic guitar is a guitar that uses only acoustic methods to project the sound produced by its strings. The term is a retronym, coined after the advent of electric guitars, which rely on electronic amplification to make their sound audible. Bass guitars: The bass guitar also called electric bass, or simply bass is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb (either by plucking, slapping, popping, tapping, or thumping), or by using a plectrum. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four, five, or six strings. The four string bass—by far the most common—is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which correspond to pitches one octave lower than the four lower strings of a guitar. Keyboards: A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include multiple types of organs as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments. In common language, it is mostly used to refer to keyboard-style synthesizers. Among the earliest keyboard instruments are the pipe organ, hurdy gurdy, clavichord, and harpsichord. Drums and Percussions: A percussion instrument is any object which produces a sound when hit with an implement, shaken, rubbed, scraped, or by any other action which sets the object into vibration. The term usually applies to an object used in a rhythmic context or with musical intent. In a musical context then, the term percussion instruments may have been coined originally to describe a family of instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or wooden blocks which musicians would beat or strike (as in a collision) to produce sound. Saxophone: The saxophone (also referred to as the sax) is a conical-bore transposing musical instrument that is a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. The saxophone was invented by the Belgian Adolphe Sax in 1841. While proving very popular in military band music, the saxophone is most commonly associated with popular music, big band music, blues, early rock and roll, ska and particularly jazz. There is also a substantial repertoire of concert music in the classical idiom for the members of the saxophone family. Saxophone players are called saxophonists. Piano: The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal. Although not portable and often expensive, the pianos versatility and ubiquity have made it one of the worlds most familiar musical instruments. 3. 0 Industry Structure The Bangladeshi music instruments industry has been a long standing industry in the country. It may not be as big as the major industries, but it has certainly gone through enough expansion and evolution. 3. 1 Background of the industry Bangladesh has always had a culture heavily influenced by music. During the liberation war, music played a big part in rallying up the freedom fighters. So, after the liberation, the music industry suddenly boomed. To cope with the rising demand music instruments companies also needed to change. Pre-liberation, most companies were situated in the Shakharibazar area of Dhaka city. Classical instruments were the instruments of choice. Harmoniums, Tablas, Dhols etc. were popular with the music practitioners. After the war, the companies decided that they need to appeal to the more mainstream crowd, so they shifted to science laboratory, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. The new location offered them a lot of exposure to new music enthusiasts along with maintaining their established customer base. The new location helped the companies and the industry overall. Music instruments industry was on the rise. But the next big change was not far off. As Bangladesh changed with the world, the culture also morphed into a more west influenced one. Music preference was one of the first elements to change. In the 90’s, band music garnered a lot of popularity with the young generation. Underground bands were being formed by groups of young musicians who were ready to leave the old ways behind. Modern instruments such as guitars, keyboards and drums became the standard requirement of any band. Thus, a significant supply was also needed. Established companies saw that the new music mentality was not just a fad. They started making their own acoustic guitars, drums and flutes. However, the real market shift was made by imports. Several brand names were imported from various countries. Some were from nearby countries like India, China and Japan. But the truly expensive ones came from USA and Europe. Band music grew like wildfire and the music instruments industry expanded and changed for good. Soon, bands required more sophisticated and powerful instruments such as electric guitars and keyboards. These came only from imports. The industry became an import heavy industry to cater to the new crowd. So, the companies with import capabilities survived and thrived on the heavy shift while classical only based companies were forced to go out of business. Thus we come to our current status of the music instruments industry. 3. 2 Sales Trend The sales trend of the entire industry market has shifted over the years. Local instruments like harmoniums and tablas were the preferred music instruments. But the market was also smaller in size. Professional musicians and a few newcomers made the whole of the market. But with the transformation of the industry, the market has a much different scenario. Modern instruments take precedence over classical ones. The sales trend suggests that the newer instruments, especially the electric variations, are the big sellers. In the generation of frequent concerts, accessories like amplifiers and sound boxes are also a must. The modern instruments are very import heavy. So, the prices are also much higher. In the cases of customized guitars, the price of one guitar can be unlimited. Instruments from faraway countries such as USA, Germany etc. can be even more costly. For example, a piano form Germany can cost up to 8. 5 lac taka. The prices of the imported instruments maybe high, but that does not mean that customers will be discouraged to continue buying from this sector. In fact, it’s quite the opposite. One must not overlook the fact that the companies themselves are buying the instruments from abroad and then selling them here. They need a substantial amount of capital themselves to maintain their supply. So, the companies spend a lot of money in this regard. But that does not mean the cost outgrows the profit. The profit of the music instruments industry comes from the sheer quantity of the products sold. Bands are consistently buying the modern instruments for their use. Young people with an interest in music also want the best music instruments to fuel their passion. The band music scene is so large that the companies may not make a great profit on each of the sales they make, but the cumulative total of the instruments sold more than makes up for it in the end. So, it is safe to estimate that the sales trend will continue to grow in the same direction. The imported instruments will be the heavy sellers of the industry, but the local manufactured products will not be far behind. 3. 3 growth rate The growth rate of the music instruments industry overall has been quite substantial. From the early 70’s classical music era to the present band music era, the industry has grown multiple times in size. The big players of the industry have invested heavily on imports which continuously expand the market. The slightly less equipped companies are making the transition from classical to modern instruments to keep up with the trends. Some companies are trying to be entirely focused on modern instruments instead of classical. All of these companies keep adding to the industry. The customer base is also on the rise. Since the 90’s music has become quite popular as a profession. Many music enthusiasts try to become a part of the industry by either pure talent or raw passion. Some just want to keep playing music as an added skill. The young generation is not the only user base though. Veteran collectors may even buy music instruments just for adding them to their repertoire. People have many choices when it comes to music. So, their reasons for buying an instrument can be equally diversified. And all this is without counting the established bands and celebrities who will continue to purchase the high quality instruments for further advancement of their own carriers. 3. 4 growth potential The potential for this industry is variable. The big players of the industry have an oligopoly in place for the market in Dhaka. But the market outside of Dhaka is still fair game. People order via courier from outside Dhaka. A music instrument company with a big capital may seize on this opportunity to establish a brand name which will enable the company to pose a threat to the players of the industry. Another aspect to consider is the foreign market. Bangladeshi musical instruments have demand in the outside world as well. But no big company makes the effort to spread the music abroad with the help of instruments. Some foreign buyers come to Bangladesh and buy locally manufactured instruments which are relatively low in price. If a company exports local music instruments, the travel cost for the buyers may be added to the instruments’ pricing. This can garner a hefty profit. The number of customers from abroad may be low compared to the user base of the country, but it is large enough to give it growth potential. 3. 5 Industry composition The music instruments industry at its current state is situated primarily in Dhaka. Areas like Dhanmondi, Gulshan and Shakharibazar are the prominent locations. The center of the entire industry is in Science Laboratory, Dhanmondi. The well established shops like Melody Co, Surasree, Sur niketan etc. have been there for decades and the majority of the market is in their grasps. A lot of medium and smaller size shops are also included there who use lower pricing to attract customers. Other notable locations include Bashundhara City Shopping Complex, Panthapath, and Dhaka which has World Music and Golden Music for a more modernized shopping experience. The big companies at Science Laboratory have their showrooms at the ground level and manufacturing factories on the floor above. Simple and local instruments like tablas, harmoniums and dhols etc. are made there. Complex instruments like guitars are made in a different factory. These factories are mainly situated on the opposite side of the river, outside of Dhaka, like Keraniganj for example. Imports are made through contacts for individual companies. Some companies use direct links abroad to ship instruments into the country. The others use third party importers to import their products. Most of the down payment is done by e-mail. Orders from outside Dhaka are taken via e-mail or telephone and the supplied through courier. The bigger companies of the industry also take responsibility for organizing stage shows for both the Government and NGOs. All of these activities amount to a flowing industry that has quite a profit margin. To top it all off, the big players of the music instruments industry claim to have no loss. The sales never decline and the user base keeps growing. The only drawback is that the cost of raw materials may increase over time, but that can be easily overlooked by the profits. 3. 6 product composition There are two types of products in the market-local and imported. Local products are manufactured by the companies themselves and are sold at a much lower price compared to the imported ones. The imports are much more costly and have a lot more variety. Renowned brands such as Ibanez, STK, Yamaha, Fender, Tama, Paiste, Pearl, Maxtone, Roland, Gibson, TGM, Korg, Kurzweil etc. are available in the market. These brands attract customers on a regular basis. 4. 0 Analysis of Consumer Preferences To understand the industry one has to understand the consumers. Consumer’s insight is critical when determining business strategy. This report contains first hand consumer opinion gathered by individual surveying. . 1 Survey Procedure The consumer survey was done through both online and direct method. A consumer questionnaire that contained questions about general consensus of the music industry was created. Customers at the various music instruments shops were asked to take part in the survey. Online surveys were taken by creating the questionnaire in on line form and conducted anonymously through the internet. Various contacts were used to conduct the online survey. We interviewed 50 people, some of them are professional musicians and the others are non-professionals. 4. 2 Survey Results The primary source of data used in the report was a questionnaire filled-up by a representative sample of participants. The representative sample was picked from different occupations, ages and educational attainment. The participants were asked to respond to a set of simple questions. The questions were designed to get raw data. The raw data on analysis were used to get an insight into the general structure and consumer behavior within the music instrument industry. The survey findings were concluded in different sections by relating the collected data with the demographic characteristics of the interviewees. A detailed analysis of the findings is explained below: * Preference of Music Genre: We surveyed a total of 50 individuals from different segments of the social strata and also conducted an open online survey to get greater response. The core decision characteristics which guide the buying behavior in this market are the preference of genre by the buyers. Through our analysis we get to know that majority of the buyers are still guided by the classical taste. This segment is mainly occupied by female customers who still have a heart for the classical music. Almost 50% of the users are aligned to classical genre. But we also observe that the modern genre is just tailing classical with a percentage user of 46% and there are few passionate users who have a taste for both genres and it comprises of a minute figure of 3% of the market. Figure 1: Preference of Music Genre * Preference of Music Instrument: Analyzing the market we can observe that the most desirable instrument is acoustic guitar followed by electric guitar. Together they occupy almost 60% of the market. There is also high demand for keyboard (19%), flute (19%), drums (18%) and bass guitar (17%). So observing the instrument preferences we can conclude that the modern instruments are in high demand and to be precise the imported instruments. Figure 2: Preference of Music Instruments * Purpose of Purchase Most purchases are made for personal use which is an astounding 98%. But still some purchases are made for commercial use like buying of sound systems and also there are many small business providing jamming facilities. These people make commercial purchases. Moreover many government institutions and NGO’s also make large scale purchases. But as we can observe from the survey results music instruments are still out there for the common to take pleasure in. Figure 3: Purpose of Purchase * Consumer Budget Analysis: As most of the purchases are related to personal use so the budget for buying instruments in not that high. The major portion of the budget is around TK. 4000- Tk. 10000 almost 45%. There are very few high rollers in the budget list who tend to spend lacs on instruments. But even then professional artists and few passionate collectors buy the real deal worth more than 1 lac. But even then as the survey shows the market is steady at around Tk. 000 -25000. Figure 4: Consumer Budget Analysis * Analysis of Brand Preferences: 1. Brand Preference of Guitar: As we can see the imported brands from china and Indonesia hit the chart at top. Brands like Ibanez and Gibson are in a high demand among consumers. Figure 5: Brand Preference of Guitar But still some influence is also made by Indian brands like Givson and Signa ture who also occupy a respectable share in the market. And for other brand there is very little demand for them but still due to specific brand preference from customers these brands are still available in the market. . Brand Preference of Drums: Analysing the market trend and through our survey we could conclude that there is a very tight margin between prefernce for brand while buying drums. This segment is leaded by two leaders Tama and Yamaha which are very popular brands worlwide and prefered by renowned musicians around the world. Others brands like pearl is also in the customers list. But other brands like paiste , maxtone and local brand like Bappi are still a bit less desiarble to customers. Figure 6: Brand Preference of Drums 3. Brand Prefernce of keyboards: As they results speaks this segment is ruled by yamaha and roland. This two are Figure 7: Brand Preference of Keyboard undoubtedly the most popular brands and also highly suggested by users and professionals. Yamaha with an astounding 50% on preference and Roland with 34% have captured the market. For others brands its still a long way to go and more customers to capture to overdo these two giant brands. * Acceptance of Second Hand Instruments: Observing the market trend and consumer behavior we can conclude that most people are for this second hand selling nearly 54% and 34% has no negative notion towards it. It’s quite clear that the market is open for second hand selling and customers are satisfied with this kind of activity. Figure 8: Acceptance of Second Hand Instruments Though this is not a recognized act but due to high prices and tax on imported musical instruments people fail to avail the original one. So when they get the almost new thing at a very cheap price they can’t resist it. So it is quite evident that unless there is a serious price cut this selling of second hand instruments will continue. 5. 0 Analyzing the Market It is better for both the consumers and the sellers to understand the premise of the music instrument industry. Market and consumer behavior is important for analyzing the industry. The study contains consumer and market opinions which were found through a survey in the market. It is crucial for the new investors as well to know the facts that control its consumers’ and competitors’ behavior. By analyzing the market is not a short process. The analysis of current market trends, market share, market growth, market size and analysis of the market leaders come into the procedure. 5. 1 Market trends The current situation at the music instrument industry offers a wide range of products to its customer. With the revolutionary change in the music industry last decade, the instrument industry also claimed its share of customers. Consumers are now more involved in choosing brands that they would buy. People don’t mind paying higher to attain a better performed and of desired outlook music instrument. Even a few days ago consumers were confined in buying basic instruments like guitars, harmonium, tablas etc. But with a change in music trend, consumers now look for dj turn table, multi-functional amplifier, upgraded accessories and many other modern instruments. This massive use of instruments results in more repairing work for the mechanics. This often leads customers towards using wireless electrical instruments. This allows the importer to introduce newer editions of product in the market. Thus the major trends currently observed are: * Tendency of buying brand As the music industry is growing at a rapid speed, it started a new era in the music instrument industry. Now –a –days people move toward hassle free products for which they won’t have turn to mechanic shop. So they are now more interested in buying big brands. The big brands offer guaranteed service and better performance. With differentiated products in the market musicians can choose their desired instrument outlook. * Selecting performance over price With number of brands in the market buyers get to choose theirs from a variety of products. Among these people are more prone towards choosing high performance instrument while caring less about the price. Another reason for such behavior in the consumers is their social status. This very sector has most of its customers either from the music world or from the well off class of the society. This enables these selected consumers to choose performance over price. * Use of the upgraded accessories and technology Marketers have brought upgraded accessories as the demand for it rose with the massive use of modern instruments. Consumers want the best for their instruments and always look for the upgraded versions. Moreover, the passionate young musicians are extensively using these products that consequently making this a prominent sector of music instrument industry. * Using modern technology With the world moving towards technology this sector is also having the touch of it. From the music makers to the music editors, all now depend on the newly added instrument to the industry to cope with the world. The wireless instruments, multi functional mixers and customized sound systems are essential for them to meet the standards that had been set across the world. Alongside the rise music industry, instrument industry is now heading for bright future. The current trend of the market makes this sector more promising 5. 2 Market share Market share is the percentage or proportion of the total available market that is being serviced by a company in comparison of the whole industry. According to the consumer survey, consumers tend to go the old names mostly because of their brand value. In the music instrument industry the majority of the market share is captured by Melody Co. the company demanded that it is the trust and faithful service that they provide to keep their customers satisfied. World Music, among the new companies, also holds a significant proportion of market share. The rest are shared by the other existing companies in the market. Though the companies declined to provide their exact financial information regarding their market shares because of their company policy, we were able to assume the current state through surveying the market and the consumers. Figure 9: Shop Preference . 3 Market Growth The music instrument industry is going through a rapid growth. This is because of the change in the music scene in the recent years. Reasons including young generation being more involved in the music industry and the trend of using newer version of big brands when performing in the public. Musicians now use instruments that have better sound quality and als o can be harmonized easily. Today the instrument industry offers choices in front of the buyers to select from. The increasing number of musicians is buying more and more instruments which are fueling the industry to grow larger. As there is no structured association of the music instrument industry, and many of the companies are independent ones, no up-to-date statistics on current market growth was found. But after studying the available market shares over the years it can be understood that this industry is expanding at a high rate and there is still scope for further expansion. Again surveying the market gave us an overview of the industry. As the number of consumers rose the demand for the instruments reached a certain level that made the marketers to increase the prices over the years.